Monday, December 8, 2014

The Impact of Citizen Journalism on Social Media: Pros and Cons

        New technology and social media sites have allowed everyone around the world with a phone and a wireless connection to play an active role in media journalism. This concept, known as citizen journalism, as a form of alternative media, has a huge effect on today’s society and the way news are distributed.  This essay will explore and analyse advantages and disadvantages of this phenomena.
        The first and quite obvious advantage of citizen journalism is efficiency. In today’s world it is enough to find yourself at the right place at the right time with good enough internet connection to be an citizen journalist.  Our smart phones, 3g connection and wifi allow us to spread news just by a tap of our finger. Some argue that the potential of citizen journalism was only realised after 9/11. After the attack a lot of people started reaching out and posting their own experience on web sites. In a book “Journalism After September 11”, editor Start Allan claims that 9/11 completely changed the perception of media and traditional conventions of what counted as news. It showed the need for sharing instant information, which did not necessarily have to come from professional journalists. At the time information was shared only via news channels, radio and few news websites. However, today we can easily find out what is happening around the world just by checking our social media sites and can be in the loop via live streaming or status updates shared by our friends or followers. Moreover, the real importance of citizen journalism was finally recognized in 2005 during bombing attacks in London.  Citizen journalists were not only able to cover and record much more than traditional media, but were also able to share the news much faster.  
        Secondly, it could be argued that the opinion of citizen journalists is more objective than that of big news companies. Citizen journalists post and write about what they see and they are hardly there to manipulate us. On the other hand, large news corporations can easily be influenced by political parties or government. This issue came to global attention after last year’s events in Turkey. Since all the mass media in Turkey is under the control of the government, not one Turkish channel or newspaper covered the stories on contentious protests. Unfortunately, even their national television declined to cover the protests and refused to engage with people protesting in front of their studio. However, amateur citizen journalists managed to spread the story through social media sites and put the real image of what is happening out there. Four students even started a Twitter account called @140journos which played a key role during the protests and became the only source of real information.  Moreover, the fact that CNN Turkey was showing a documentary on penguins, while CNN world was covering the story about the protesters, proves how silenced and unreliable Turkish media was.   
        Nevertheless, there are certain drawbacks to citizen journalism as well. Since journalism is a complex job, it takes a while to gain necessary skills and responsibility. This raises the question of whether material posted by citizen journalists can be taken seriously. Some question the validity of the information and whether citizen journalists appreciate fundamental rules of ethics, objectivity, fairness and honesty. For example, a few years’ back Apple faced a huge loss after one of the citizen journalists posted false information on the internet. The story was uploaded one morning by one of the bloggers and claimed that Steve Jobs was rushed into the hospital after suffering a severe heart attack. Soon after the story was uploaded, Apple’s stocks rapidly decreased and Apple lost 9 billion dollars. 
        Furthermore, quality is another thing worth considering. Jack Kapica, Canadian journalist, claims that he is worried that citizen journalists are just amateurs who are simply mimicking what they see on television or in the press, to varying degrees of success. A low degree of quality also comes from the lack of original reporting and biased opinion.
        All in all, citizen journalism has both good and bad sides to it. Even though, some have argued that citizen journalism can replace mainstream media I do not feel like that is the case. After listing both some advantages and disadvantages of it I think that regardless of its efficiency, citizen journalism still lacks certain levels of professionalism. Therefore, I feel that citizen journalism should be seen as a complement rather than a threat to mainstream media.

WORS CITIED
1.       Zelizer, Barbie, and Stuart Allan. Journalism after September 11. London: Routledge, 2003.

2.       Rosen, Rebecca J. "10 Years Can Be a Long Time: The World Wide Web on 9/11."

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